The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for forming a predetermined pattern on a substrate using a gravure offset printing method. The frequency comparator compares the reference voltage having the first frequency range and the comparison output voltage having the second frequency range. The TCAM may also include logic to insert an entry in the TCAM based on a defragmentation operation performed on the TCAM in which a candidate entry having a minimum relocation weight is chosen to be relocated as part of the defragmentation operation, where the relocation weight is determined based on trie depths corresponding to entries that occupy the candidate entry before defragmentation.