Seals for filter elements having filter packs with seals around the periphery thereof adjacent to one of the faces are produced by injection molding the seal onto the filter pack using a cell-less thermoplastic material. The multi-layer n-type stack generally includes a first layer and a second layer. The monolayer can be self-assembled on a substrate to facilitate controllable voltage shifts within the device. The network packet may be sent over a network. This allows to reduce the total size of the bitmap.