A bicycle shifter configured to be adjustable to accommodate a variety of sized hands. The systems and methods also provide convenience of operation, flexibility to meet different user-selected requirements, and transportability and ease of manipulation, that enhance the quality of life of the individual that requires chronic neuromuscular stimulation. The impurity comprises an n-type dopant such as silicon and has a doping density of 1017cm3. As part of a knock limit control, a second ignition angle adjustment is also determined when at least one manipulated variable influencing the knock limit changes, with the type of the second ignition angle adjustment, i.