A rail-to-rail input hysteresis comparator includes: an input hysteresis comparator module, a transmission module, an output comparator, a switching signal module and a bias module. No effective therapeutic interventions are currently available for protection of patients against mortality. The detection portion receives circularly polarized backscattered light from moisture in the cloud, in response to the illuminating beam. Preferably, the milling is wet milling. The light emitting layer has a refractive index equal to or greater than that of any layers formed between the light emitting layer and the diffusion layer.