A combustion chamber valve, such as an intake valve or an exhaust valve, is briefly opened during the compression andor power strokes of a 4-strokes combustion cycle in an internal combustion engine. When initiating a peer-to-peer communication session to an endpoint of a destination user, the originating endpoint will access the directory service to obtain reachability information for the destination user. The arrays and elements can be of a general type such as annular arrays, phased or switched arrays, linear arrays with division in both azimuth and elevation direction, like a 1. Methods for the preparation and use of the improved dry stripping solutions are additionally provided.