A loudspeaker system of improved clarity, coherence and uniformity of energy distribution containing mid frequency sound chambers with an annular input and approximately rectangular output for use in multi-way co-axial horn loaded line array systems. The carbon foam includes a network of pores into which a chemically active material is disposed to create either a positive or negative plate for the battery. The torque output from the electrical machine is selectively controlled based upon the engine crank torque. in a modem pool is configured to include a converter added to a telephone interconnection of a modem in the modem pool. The used planarizing solution, for example, can be removed either while the substrate assembly is moved through the planarizing zone, or between planarizing stages of a multi-stage planarizing process.