1459999548-9d5c9026-7ffe-43e4-b45f-17f74bff51d1

Illustrative embodiments of all-spin logic devices, circuits, and methods are disclosed. The injector utilizes a piezoelectric actuator driving a piston assembly comprising an inlet reed check valve disposed thereon. The circuitry operates by regulating the output voltage of the IO cell so that it is above the VOH and below the maximum VIH for the LVTTL standard for which it will comply with.