Component malfunctions in passive optical networks can increase bit error rates and decrease signal-to-noise ratio of communications signals. The signal transmission circuit includes a first transmission line connecting a first electric component and a second electric component, and a second transmission line connecting the second electric component to a terminator resistor of the distributed constant circuit. In a health care facility, hand-washing detectors are located at some of the stations and caused to energize a hand-wash status indicator light on the badge when the wearer has washed his or her hands. The cap can include polypropylene or polyethylene. The present invention also provides methods for preparing these compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds, and methods of treating diseases utilizing such compounds or the pharmaceutical compositions containing them. The system 10 controls critical dimension by altering focus and exposure settings, based on a single measured attribute and on a process model equation.