Some embodiments provide an integrated circuit that includes at least first and second circuits operating at a first voltage. In an embodiment, a namespace system includes a network resource that has a resource permission, and includes a namespace that has one or more members associated with the namespace. In one method, a conduit is implanted between the left ventricle and the descending aorta where ventricular blood flows from the left ventricle directly into the descending aorta and bypassing the aortic valve. An n-bit counter is clocked by the temperature variable signal while the fixed width signal enablesinhibits the counter. The system then compares the second set of distributions of voice characteristics to the stored first set of distributions of voice characteristics to assess a probability that one or more telephone calls in the second group of telephone calls represents normal, fraudulent, or indeterminate activity. In one application, a GPS receiver and transmitter provided within the projectile device relays position data to a receiving apparatus that is monitored by a stationary or mobile conveyance.