A nonvolatile memory integrated circuit has a semiconductor substrate and a nonvolatile memory device on the semiconductor substrate. A primary conductive line electrically connects the pad on the substrate to a conductive pad on one of the plurality of chips in the chip stack. Scheduling the process of transitioning resource states to begin at a time that allows the process to be completed just in time for the resource states to be immediately available to the processor upon entering the second application state helps minimize adverse effects of resource latency. An agenda item included in the previously-created meeting agenda is retrieved, as a result of starting the meeting timer. In another embodiment, an optical sensor includes an optical pump, and a transducer including an optical ring cavity coupled to the optical pump and configured to utilize optical four-wave mixing to detect an external stimulus.