A method is described for operating a gateway to act as a conduit for a structured transaction between a first transaction peer and a second transaction peer, the structured transaction having at least a begin message for opening a logical communication path, a continue message for maintaining a logical communication path and an end message for closing a logical communication path. Each undulating wire member includes first and second ends and extends across a majority of a width direction of the dishwasher rack. The shape or composition of the electrodes may be selected to reduce the photovoltaic effect or the electrodes may be disposed on the substrate to average out the photovoltaic effect arising from each one of the electrodes. Therefore, when the optical modulator is incorporated into a stereographic display apparatus, the stereographic display apparatus can provide comfortable stereographic displays to viewers, even if it inclines due to hand movement and the like.