The present invention provides an application-independent and engine-independent middleware layer between applications and engines. Associated with each opening is a valving mechanism that opens or closes the opening in response to changes in water level in the storage chamber. A second component may be provided for attachment to the adjacent vertebrae, the second component being configured to control movement of the vertebrae relative to one another. In a speculative read mode of operation, the sense amplifier circuitry evaluates the differential signals. Thus, the ohmic electrode that is for the silicon carbide semiconductor apparatus and capable of improving the use efficiency of the target can be manufactured, whose film thickness is even and that does not peel off.