A video-information encoding apparatus and decoding apparatus with a guarantee of a fixed processing time. Register data hazards arise where two accesses to a same register, at least one of said accesses being a write, occur in an order different to an order of said instruction stream such that an access occurring later in said instruction stream starts before an access occurring earlier in said instruction stream has completed. Access controls, which define who may access the original document as well as any versions of the working copy document, are defined and stored in relation to the documents. The respondent questions are transmitted to the selected respondents. The sod saver tool also includes a rod with markings for setting a digging level, with a retractable cutting tool with teeth attached to the rod.