A voltage controlled oscillator 1, a variable frequency divider 2, a phase comparator 3, and a loop filter 4 form a Phase Locked Loop. Muscle re-education and rehabilitation is provided using a neuro-orthotic device in combination with electrical stimulation of the submandibular muscles to treat laryngeal elevator musculature. The spindle assembly includes a rotating member disposed about a sensor. The invention includes a titanium alloy case which is titanium with 6% aluminum and 4% vanadium as its major alloying elements. The authentication manager and authentication modules are also responsible for controlling access to servicessessions and may removerevoke or augment such access.