A catalyst for the oxidation of volatile organic compounds and carbon monoxide comprising manganese and alumina, such catalyst having been impregnated with a phosphorus compound. 1 wt % aqueous solution of the surfactant at 25\xb0 C. LED lamp retrofit apparatuses include incandescent, halogen, fluorescent, and sodium lamps. An SDO is readily expandable in terms of memory length by simply adding more memory boards, and can be reconfigured by a user by virtue of its object-oriented architecture.