A refiner for refining fibrous material. H2O and other molecules near the bonding surface migrate to the closest VOC and are quenched in the buried oxide layer quickly by combining with bridging oxygen ions and forming pairs of stable nonbridging hydroxyl groups. The process is advantageous in that the highly homogeneous cellulose solution can be rapidly and inexpensively produced because the cellulose solution is produced without a vacuum distillation step or separate swelling step, and formation of fibrils is prevented, thereby cellulose fibers with excellent flexibility and strength are produced from the cellulose solution. Optionally a system for introducing thermal energy into the weld zone in addition to the frictional energy is used. A magnet is provided in the first and second attractive portions. Additional embodiments and methods are further disclosed.