A first heat treatment for crystallization is implemented after introducing nickel to an amorphous silicon film 103 disposed on a quartz substrate 101. The system may include at least one computer system including a touchscreen. Axes of the arrays are oriented about parallel to each other. The organic material comprises either cellulose, mulch andor seed and mulch. Biomolecules may be linked directly or indirectly to the particles, which are useful as detection reagents in immunological assays.