Selecting and modifying the transmission rates and sizes of status update messages transmitted by a mobile communications device to a recipient application based on use of the updates by the recipient application improves resource utilization or accuracy. R1 and R2 are monovalent C1-4 hydrocarbon groups, R3 and R4 are divalent C1-10 hydrocarbon groups, m has an average value of 2-6, n has an average value of 2-6, p is 0, 1 or 2, q is 1, 2 or 3, X is halogen, and M is ammonium or alkali metal. The photoemitter is positioned on the side of the diamond substrate opposite the surface on which the illumination is incident, and has an irradiation region at the contact with the optically transmissive diamond, and an emission region opposite the irradiation region, these regions being defined by the path of the illumination. Also disclosed are arrays wherein glutathione-containing molecules are immobilized on the substrate and GST-containing molecules are then specifically immobilized onto the substrate, taking advantage of the affinity between glutathione and GST. As a result, an optical device which has spectral characteristics where ripple in the opaque zone which blocks infrared light is suppressed, can be obtained.