1460478718-dd65ee4b-8685-4d09-8dde-56d5a71c36ab

An electrode for a lithium secondary battery, including a surface having surface roughness of about 800 nm to about 1000 nm, and a lithium secondary battery including the same. The ink stick has an electronically-readable memory device attached thereto, with the memory device having stored therein electronic data associated with the ink stick. The surface of the cylinder block is thus rigidly fixed to the surface of the cylinder liner. The PWM generating circuit is coupled to the feedback loop and receives the control signal.