1460610664-aded4a41-ff57-4caa-bf04-ff6da034d789

A strain relief assembly is provided for use in management of optical fibers that enter and exit the enclosure walls of optical fiber components, such as optical amplifiers, etc. The barrier portion of the integrated layer prevents diffusion of the conductive material into the underlying dielectric substrate while the seed portion provides an appropriate foundation upon which to deposit the conductive material. A second heat exchanger has a heat exchange path for the working fluid between the compressor and the expansion valve and another heat exchange path for the engine fuel. Each longitudinally extending channel is defined by a pair of the longitudinally extending walls, wherein a pair of opposing longitudinally extending walls have defined through them a common gap defining two separate sub-splines having T-shaped cross-sections. A semiconductor device including multiple internal circuits; multiple pads respectively connected to the internal circuits; and a contact failure detector coupled between the pads and a common node and configured to detect contact failures between tips of a probe card and the pads.