Devices, system, and methods of secure entry and handling of passwords and Personal Identification Numbers, as well as for secure local storage, secure user authentication, and secure payment via mobile devices and via payment terminals. This solves a failure problem in the throttle valve and the EGR valve caused by frost formation at an early stage. A target machine’s operating system’s object code can be manually or automatically instrumented. The articulating brake is implemented via a brake rod assembly that is rotationally coupled to the rudder pedal, and includes a first rod that is rotationally coupled to the rudder pedal, and a second rod that surrounds at least a portion of the first rod. In some embodiments, an apparatus includes a storage medium having stored instructions that when executed by a machine result in the method.