A Contact according to an aspect of the present invention is formed by laminating a shape memory alloy film on a surface of a metal spring film, and the shape thereof is a conical spiral. In an embodiment, a structure function monitor acquires images of a pupil plane and an image plane and, from these images, retrieves the phase over an aperture, unwraps the retrieved phase, and analyzes the unwrapped retrieved phase. The connection between second internal electrodes, the second external terminal electrode and the mutual connection between the plurality of second internal electrodes is achieved by a second connection portion. The RCMS reallocates idle RF resources between the network of cells whether those resources are redundant or not. The methods include: adding additional material to core particles to form a shell, removing active ingredient from a core surface to create an active-depleted shell, and crosslinking the outer layers of a core to form a shell.