Methods for repair of single crystal superalloys by laser welding and products thereof have been disclosed. This process can be scaled up to any desired size, and can employ a variety of hydrogenation catalysts, both precious metal, and non-precious metal. Such improvement in magnetic characteristics decreases deviation in switching characteristics in arrays of such magnetoresistive devices such as those present in MRAMs. The detection of the radiation intensity values in the detection plane is carried out according to a time sequence of acquisitions corresponding to successive transit positions of the particle through the observation region. If the difference is less than the threshold value, then the test system determines that the extended off-hook condition is the result of a short circuit on the subscriber line. One method includes determining an energy consumption of each of a plurality of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning units, wherein each of the plurality of HVAC units is associated with a different space of a multi-dwelling unit having a plurality of spaces, normalizing the energy consumption of each of the plurality of HVAC units, and ranking the normalized energy consumptions.