A method of producing viral antigens in vitro by infecting animal organ tissue rich in mitochondria with a virus, including human hepatitis B virus, and culturing the infected tissue in vitro is disclosed. Comparing with traditional microstrip line, the additional topological parameters of multiple-connected microstrip line allow the designers to improve broadband characteristics without increasing the size of the electromagnetic components. The inner wall has a plurality of apertures defined therein in fluid communication with the channel. The exemplary MOS transistor includes a gate oxide that forms a planar and substantially stress free interface with a substrate. A barrier zone layer can help to retain the liquid in the absorbent zone layer and prevent drips from contacting a user’s hand. Specifically, photobioreactor systems and methods for making and using photobioreactor systems to culture photosynthetic organisms, such as algae.