Emulsions, either water-in-oil or oil-in-water, may be formed by combining an aqueous component, a non-aqueous component and a surfactant in combination with fibers. The filtration apparatuses and methods of the invention can separate at least one contaminant from an aqueous fluid andor oxidize at least one contaminant. In some embodiments, the attribute is set by a logic or process configured to apply the retention policy to the document.