1461020730-85c1875a-42a2-4416-a66b-a5469e6eade5

The present invention provides a low temperature process for the synthesis of ultrafine rutile phase titanium dioxide particles through vapor phase hydrolysis of titanium tetra chloride. Battery powered light-emitting diodes contained in the housing pump the sample of interest from the side using butt-coupling, where the pump light is guided within the sample holder to uniformly excite the specimen. The trigger unit is responsive to a voltage threshold, such as caused by an ESD occurrence, between the voltage source and ground to apply clamping signals at its output terminals to couple the voltage source terminal to ground through both nmos and pmos devices.