A pre-driver is provided that includes a pre-boost circuit and a post-boost circuit. The duration of the set is preferably shorter than 1,000 ns; and the pulse width of each laser pulse within the set is preferably within a range of about 0. All concerned join in a face-to-face relationship, preferably sitting on, or in proximity, to the rug during the entire process and engage in a scripted conversation during which each participant exercises, and thereby develops, the ability to voice his or her concern and desires with respect to a perceived offensive action perpetrated by another child. After a transformation, the transformed codes may exist some undesirable property such as spreading code having DC content. A notch is formed in an inner surface of a large-area wall of the secondary battery, and an auxiliary notch is formed in an outer surface to correspond to the notch formed in the inner surface. In preferred embodiments of the systems and methods, the present invention addresses the need to search and relate a plurality of entities across a plurality of content sources, and then displaying the search results in an interactive user interface that simultaneously updates and modifies the display of associated entities and related content.