Systems and methods are described for delivering messages from one or more service hosts to clients via a network. Operating information processing unit 8 sends beam-limiting control unit 62 the calculated moving amount. The trading server sends a financial trade instruction based on each combined smaller transaction order and transaction execution time to each co-located server. The apparatus further comprises a fluid introduction device configured to introduce a common volume of the fluid into the channels of the first and second photonic crystal structures. The cone of the separator is mounted onto the lid of a drum into which the dust precipitates.