A digital video disc recording device including an interface for communicating between the DVD recording device and a host, an error detection code generator receiving data sent directly from the interface and generating a data frame by adding an EDC to the data, and a scrambler for scrambling the data frame sent directly from the EDC generator. The photocatalyst composite of invention comprises a photocatalyst and iron catalyst, wherein the photocatalyst is carried on the surface of the iron catalyst and the ratio of the photocatalyst to the iron catalyst is about 3:100 to 15:100. After formation of the layer with the refractive-index gradient, material is etched from the layer through a resist to form microlenses.