Apparatus and methods for performing vasectomies are disclosed. One embodiment provides an active area having an electrical power dissipation characteristic, a metallization layer portion configured with respect to the active area so that the dissipation characteristic of the active area results in heating the metallization layer portion, the metallization layer portion being formed as a connected region. Each of the LEDs of the LED array has a main emission band of an emission spectrum and another sub emission band having a peak level of not less than 0. According to this aspect, the retention apparatus may include a compressible member to frictionally capture and positionally fix the pivotable member relative to the mounting system. , from far ultraviolet to visible to far infrared.