A miniature electrode apparatus is disclosed for trapping charged particles, the apparatus including, along a longitudinal direction: a first end cap electrode; a central electrode having an aperture; and a second end cap electrode. The first computing device may be programmed to enable game play of the gaming machine. In the measurement, the portable electronic device sends information to the touch panel to request a user to input a unit price of the object. The primary receiver uses the timing information from the packet network to adjust the frequency of the local clock signal such that it is synchronous to a network clock signal, such as a clock signal at an IWF, referred to as the \u201ctransmitting IWF,\u201d that transmitted the data packets. The high resistivity region is defined under the gate insulating film.