A zoom lens includes a first lens unit having a positive refractive power and arranged closest to an object side. A storage section individually provided in an image forming apparatus stores inputted image data, and an information generating section generates log information of the image data to record on an IC card outside the apparatus. The invention also relates to a method for preventing or treating thrombosis in a mammal comprising the step of administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formulae to, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In another embodiment, at least one partial message previously parsed from an e-mail document at the sender computer is received at a recipient computer.