This application is related to the following co-pending application, of the inventor: Application Ser. The test system obtains a test policy, which specifies a predetermined degree of inconsistency between write operations and subsequent read operations on a set of data and subsequently receives a request to provide test data to an application. Also included is a completely automatic method for obtaining a depth map from a single digital image of any three-dimensional scene. Distortion measures may be used that discount candidate transformations that are considered to be too far from one or more preferred transformations, such as, for example, an optimal transformation from another frame or block or a currently-optimal transformation from the same frameblock.