A measuring instrument has a phase signal transmitter that transmits, in accordance with a rotation of the spindle, a phase signal that differs corresponding to the rotation angle of the spindle, and an arithmetic processor that arithmetically processes the phase signal to obtain the absolute position of the spindle. The tunable characteristics are applicable, for example, for channel monitoring, dispersion compensation and polarization-dependent loss. The centroid is then converted to a delay time as a function of sample rate after removing a sample offset. The added Mn also triggers the growth of Cu grains down to the bottom surface of the metal line so that a true bamboo microstructure reaching to the bottom surface is formed and the Cu diffusion mechanism along grain boundaries oriented along the length of the metal line is eliminated.