The present invention discloses novel compositions and methods for enhancing cardiac differentiation efficiency of stem cells or promoting ventricular and atrial cardiomyocytes formation from stem cells. A metal ion molecule may have the center atom covalently linked to one or more dummy atoms resulting in the metal ion molecule having a polyhedron geometry. A method of making a nanoporous network includes disposing a concentrated aqueous CNT solution in a mold, freezing the concentrated aqueous CNT solution, and subliming the frozen concentrated CNT solution in a vacuum chamber. The software defined radio also comprises at least one antenna coupled to the antenna group translator. The proton conductor can exhibit optimum proton conductivity without humidification.