Provided is a resonance converting apparatus. In some cases, the systems andor methods permit an individual to digitally sign data for an electronic document using an identifier inaccessible by a remote computer where the electronic document is rendered using view information from that remote computer. The transformer includes a primary side coil and a secondary side coil, and the primary side coil generates an induced voltage at the secondary side coil according to AC power. At the time of assigning the pattern to the gores, it is checked whether any narrowing course is present in the pattern. The first decimation filter can remove chemical noise from the output of the exhaust gas sensor. The system stores templates, where each template includes configuration data that applies to one or more of the devices.