The present invention is an artificial tooth with a device for attaching it to a patient’s real tooth, in a position next to the real tooth. The method includes receiving a data value to be stored in the programmable transistor and programming the programmable transistor to store the received data value. The impression member records the shape of a foot, hoof or paw which steps upon the apparatus, while the cover resists water and camouflages the apparatus. Large width signals are assigned to the low power port. Forced refresh is carried out properly and effectively, thereby image degradation is reduced without deteriorating coding efficiency. The present invention further relates to systems and methods for continuously regenerating spent dialysis solution during dialysis.