A fish hook removal apparatus includes a shaft having opposed end portions. The optimization engine is operable to generate a plurality of test portfolios. The invention also relates to intermediates for preparation of said compounds; pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compounds; and the use of said compounds in a method for treating certain central nervous system or other disorders. The second surface is spaced apart from the first surface by a gap distance and in parallel relation so that a spark gap is defined by the gap distance between the first conductive periphery and the second conductive periphery.