A method for making an equiaxed investment casting. The single chip may further have an advance replacement algorithm and monitoring algorithm for the opto-electronic devices of the optical transmitter and receiver to generate flags andor an advance replacement indication. Each of the plurality of dichroic layers configured to at least one of reflect or transmit a different wavelength range of the incident light. The surface features are configured to increase traction between the heat transfer elements and the biomass material to be torrefied.