MALDI sample holders and methods of using and making the same are provided. The tool is, in one aspect, a goniometer used for determining the angle of heel-toe taper when preparing a horse’s hoof to receive a shoe. The control mappings indicate actions to be performed in application programs of particular genres in response to actuation of particular controls. An insulating layer is the applied to protect the side surfaces of the MTJ layers. The first threshold is higher than the second to compensate for a shift in a zero level of the bus during high-speed chirp.