A spectral characterization method accurately characterizes an applied signal spectrum that has multiple, spectrally-separated signal peaks. An SMS broker described herein can derive the implied purpose by parsing the communication at least in part according to defined set of rules of syntax and in light of a current context within which the communication was received. The method further comprises calculating a ranking of the user with respect to other members of the created game group based on a ranking inquiry request received from the user terminal, and providing the user terminal with the calculated ranking of the user. The chain of flip-flops includes first and second control signals. Macroblocks are encoded for each picture based on a rate-distortion model, which is modified in response to the relative fluctuation of PSNR of pictures within a group of pictures. A portion of the N type well layer interposed between a sidewall on an opposite side of the body layer of the trench in which the first gate electrode is formed and a sidewall on an opposite side of the body layer of the trench in which the second gate electrode is formed makes an N type drain layer serving as an electric field relaxation layer.