A rail-to-rail operational amplifier is provided with a high-side current adjusting circuit and a low-side current adjusting circuit. The occurrence of the detection cluster is detected when the maximal ratio exceeds an intensity threshold. The DCDC converter has an input terminal connected to the battery and the electric double layer capacitor. The transmission waveguide is initially provided as a component mechanically separate from the substrate, device, and external-transfer waveguide. Also methods of treatment or prevention of Alzheimer’s disease are disclosed.