1459890021-34365d61-0213-4f9d-9b97-c8451270cd3b

A data processing application uses a translation file to render a visual surface based on underlying structured data. The excitation system emits an excitation beam to excite a target region during an excitation period. Devices for detecting andor measuring rates of changes in or of torque that employ one or more of these sensors are also described, as are various applications for such devices.