The present invention provides novel methods for producing nucleic acid fragment libraries that express highly diverse peptides or protein domains and, in particular, methods for producing nucleic acid fragment libraries wherein the nucleic acid fragments of the libraries are derived from two or more diverse characterized genomes. The positioning and state-reporting signal of a present vehicle is sensed and that of a target vehicle received. The membranes are cleaned by longitudinal rinsing with water, in which a well-dissolvable gas has been dissolved. The expander mechanism allows for compressing the stopper element, resulting in a circumferential expansion of the stopper element to achieve a tighter seal with the drain. An apparatus forming a fluid cell is configured so as to enable the flow for delivering VEGF samples onto the active surface of the chip.