Each of a horizontal chart generating unit and a vertical chart generating unit generate eight charts #0 to #7, the brightdark sections being placed sequentially in equal distances. The method of one embodiment comprises driving a clock distribution network with a clock output from a phased locked loop. A replicable genetic unit, such as a filamentous bacteriophage, is used to display candidate binding partners to the ligand or receptor, with the binding of the ligand or receptor to the candidate binding partner mediating the transfer of nucleic acid from the replicable genetic unit to the microorganism.