The image display apparatus forms first and second images in mutually different viewing angle areas to display a combined image. The invention relates to an aqueous emulsion comprising a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin comprising a 1,2-diol component in a side chain and having an average degree of polymerization of 50 to 2,500 and a polymer comprising at least one unsaturated monomer selected from an ethylenically unsaturated monomer and a diene-based monomer. In a second mode, water is diverted to a fluid conduit which is fastened to a connecting member and a chemical dispenser. One or more surfaces of the first piston and the sample chamber may, at least in part, define a sample space. A solution of the two systems of block matrix equations yields conditions for a lowest cost per kilowatthour delivered through the smart electric power grid.