An electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 6 according to the present invention includes: a current collector 3; a first active material layer 2 formed on the current collector 3; and a second active material layer 5 provided on the first active material layer 2, the second active material layer 5 including a plurality of active material particles 4. and a pressure of greater than about 500 psi for a test composition consisting essentially of: the cement; the water; and the polymer, and in the same proportions as in the cement composition. As packets are received, the target rate is gradually increased, eventually up to the detected rate capacity of the communications path. The surface-modified titanium dioxide particle is produced by heating a compound of an alkaline earth metal and a titanium dioxide particle at a temperature of 60\xb0 C.