The electroabsorption modulator comprises a p-i-n junction structure that includes an active layer, a p-type cladding layer and an n-type cladding layer with the active layer sandwiched between the cladding layers. In one embodiment, the current limiting component comprises at least one layer of resistive material that is configured to improve the switching performance and lifetime of the formed resistive switching memory element. Dialysate flows through the catheter into the patient via one lumen and simultaneously flows through the catheter out of the patient via the second lumen. A first color filter layer is formed over the passivation layer to fill the trench by performing a first spin-on coating process with a first spin rate. A method of controlling a variable valve timing of an internal combustion engine is also provided. The IC chip mounting surface is located closer to a bottom side than the vibrating element mounting surface.