This invention describes a p-type electrode useful in producing a solar cell. Signals that are received from satellites are used to determine position of the integrated position and direction system. These processes allow very precise positioning of the catalyst spots from which the nanotubes and nanofibers can be grown and allow the fabrication of cathodes for which the nanotubes or nanofibers are self-aligned with the aperture in the extraction grid. The composite boride layer structure comprises two or more refractory metals. The electrical connector housing thus manufactured can be assembled efficiently, its maintenance is easy, and the semiconductor switching elements used therein can be replaced easily. The drive section controls the shutter in such a manner that any one of the sections of the shutter is opened and the remaining sections are closed, and drives the stop in such a manner that passage of a flux of light through the open section is limited to a larger extent in a second direction than in the first direction, the second direction being orthogonal to the first direction.