The present invention provides isolated human and bovine TNF-\u03b1 convertases, nucleic acids and; recombinant vectors encoding the same, host cells comprising the nucleic acids and vectors, and methods for making the convertases using the host cells. A lower electrode is formed on the ferroelectric layer, and the lower electrode and a first substrate are bonded via a bonding layer. The point spread function estimation unit receives an image signal and estimates a Point Spread Function from the received image signal. Therefore, variations in the electric potential of the capacitor wiring caused by a writing-in electric current of a neighboring pixel can be avoided, whereby obtaining satisfactory display images. Each cutter element on the primary blade has a forward-facing cutting face with a cutting edge adapted to penetrate and shear the earthen formation. Also disclosed is a lubricant produced by the process comprising forming a lubricant additive by reacting metal halide and organophosphate together to form a reaction mixture, the metal halide participating as a reactant, and adding at least a portion of the reaction mixture to a lubricant base.